RESUMEN
Resumo Introdução: A incapacidade para o trabalho e o processo de reabilitação são eventos importantes na vida de homens e mulheres trabalhadores que sofrem algum tipo de interrupção da vida laborativa por causa de agravos relacionados ao trabalho. Assim, conhecer como ambos enfrentam essas situações pode trazer luz para as abordagens de reabilitação. Objetivo: Sistematizar e sintetizar o que a literatura científica aponta a respeito da reabilitação da incapacidade para o trabalho na percepção de homens e mulheres. Método: Buscou-se estudos qualitativos publicados nas bases de dados CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsycINFO e Web of Science, utilizando-se os descritores: qualitative method, work disability, rehabilitation e gender. A análise foi feita com base nos pressupostos de Noblit e Hare para metassíntese. Resultados: Os homens valorizam a atuação dos serviços de saúde ocupacional e a incorporação das exigências do trabalho na reabilitação. As mulheres apontaram as atitudes dos profissionais, família e colegas e valorizaram a mudança de local ou tarefa de trabalho e o acreditar na potencialidade delas no processo de reabilitação. Conclusões: A presente metassíntese apontou para o valor que homens e mulheres atribuem respectivamente, mas não exclusivamente, à centralidade do trabalho e às redes de apoio social no processo de reabilitação.
Abstract Background: Disability to work and the rehabilitation process are important events in the lives of working men and women who suffer some form of interruption in their working life due to work-related illnesses. Thus, knowing how they both cope with these situations can shed light on rehabilitation approaches. Objective: Systematize and synthesize what the scientific literature points out about the rehabilitation of incapacity for work in the perception of men and women. Method: Qualitative studies published in the CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were searched, using the descriptors: qualitative method, work disability, rehabilitation, and gender. The analysis was based on the assumptions of Noblit and Hare for meta-synthesis. Results: Men value the performance of occupational health services and the incorporation of work demands in rehabilitation. Women pointed out the attitudes of professionals, family and colleagues and valued the change of place or work task and the belief in their potential in the rehabilitation process. Conclusions: The present meta-synthesis pointed to the value that men and women attribute respectively, but not exclusively, to the centrality of work and social support networks in the rehabilitation process.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Studies on illness in the footwear industry have prioritized specific work sectors and diseases. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the main factors related to sickness absence and the indicators of illness in terms of recurrence and workdays lost among workers at a footwear company, ranging from storage of raw material to distribution of the final product. METHODS: A total of 9072 cases of absence from work were investigated in shoe production units from 2014 to 2017. Univariate models estimated the risk of bodily dysfunction (physiological and psychological) and the severity of recurrence and work days lost. RESULTS: (1) Most production units and work sectors were related to one or more affected bodily functions; (2) Neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions and the work sectors of prefabrication; cutting, assembly and finishing; and quality inspection of the final product required a longer recovery time before return to work and had a greater recurrence of leave; and (3) Women seemed to be more affected than men in terms of the reappearance of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Illness differs according to occupational sectors. The production sectors present more serious situations due to physical overload, intense rhythm and concentration, monotony and low autonomy.
